过去分词短语结构

过去分词➕介词

（1）过去分词短语发生的动作在谓语动词之前

（2）短语中的过去分词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系

如：

I saw the ball thrown into the garden.

我看见球被扔进了花园。

过去分词短语可以表达下列四种意思：

㈠方法或活动方式

如：

He walked up and down， lost in thought.

I sat before the desk until after mid-night， absorbed in writing.

Surrounded by a host of fans， the film star left the airport excitedly.

㈡原因，如：

Greatly disappointed， some staff decided to leave the place.

Taken by surprise， the enemy surrendered.

㈢时间，如：

Born and bred in a turbulent age， the older generation of people experienced all sorts of hardships.

Thrown to the floor， the boy regained his footing a few minutes later.

㈣条件

如：

Given more time， the slow learners would have done better.

Criticised by someone else， Tony would not have flared up like that.

除了直接修饰动词之外，过去分词或短语也可以和连词合组成短语，表示下列意思：

⒈由 when， whenever， while， until 等连词引导，表示“ 时间”

如：

When asked about his previous job， Bill said he had been a motor mechanic.

● Susan seldom speaks in class until spoken to.

⒉由 where， wherever 连词引导，表示“地点”，如：

Mosquitoes should be completely exterminated where found.

Retirees in good health should be invited to return to work wherever needed.

⒊由 if， unless 引导，表示“条件”，如：

If kept for too long， some medicines will lose their effectiveness.

We have made a point of not attacking unless attacked.