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表语倒装的种类

表语倒装的种类

表语倒装的种类

(1)形容词+连系动词+主语

Present at the meeting were Mr Li, Mr Wang and many other teachers.

出席会议的有李老师、王老师和其他很多老师。

(2)过去分词+连系动词+主语

Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.

我们使用洋油的日子一去不复返了。

(3)介词短语+be+主语

Among the goods are books, exercise-books, pens and some other things.

在所有的货物中有书、练习册、钢笔和其他东西。

其他类型的倒装句:

1、Such is life之类的倒装

这类句子中的such其实为表语,真正的主语是其后的life。如:

Such is his nature.他的本性就这样。

2、表示祝愿的句子的倒装

May you succeed!祝你成功!

英语句子使用的目的,可分为四大类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。这四大类型句子都有可能出现倒装句。倒装句分为全倒装和部分倒装两种类型。浅析如下:

一、疑问句中出现的倒装句

1、 特殊疑问句中

(1)What is this?(全倒装)

(2)Which do you want?(部分倒装)

2、 一般疑问句

(1)Do you study English every day?(部分倒装)

(2)May I come in?

(3)Are you going to be a teacher?

特殊疑问句中,如果疑问词做主语或疑问词修饰主语时,句子不用倒装,即用陈述语序。例如:Who did it yesterday? Which guy can do this work?

一般疑问句中,常把助动词或情态动词放在句首,即位于主语前,而构成部分倒装。

二、感叹句中出现倒装句

1、 What引导的感叹句

(1)What a happy life we have had!(宾语在主语前面)

(2)What a fine day it is!(表语在主语前面)

(3)What a shining example Comrade Lei Feng has set us!

2、 How引导的感叹句

(1)How happy we are!(表语在前面)

(2)How hard they are working!(状语在前面)

(3)How nice a day it is!

3、 副词引导词引导的感叹句

(1)There comes the bus!

(2)In come the students!

(3)Off goes the worker!

What或how 引导的句子,主谓也有不倒装的。

What所强调的重点是名词,这一名词一般是表语或宾语,有时所强调的名词可能是主语。例如:What enormous crowd came!(《当代英语语法》中册P87)。What也可单独使用。例句:What she suffered in the old days!(《英语分类句型》P90)

How修饰形容词、副词或动词。有时how many的搭配也可修饰名词。For how many years have I waited! 该短语作状语。(《当代英语语法》)

副词引导词位于句首,一方面为了强调,另一方面使情景生动。主语是名词时,主谓倒装如果主语是人称代词,主谓不倒装。例如:Away he went to the station!

三、祈使句中出现的倒装

1、 Long live the king! (《最新实用英汉辞典》P769)

2、 Long live the People’s Republic of China!

3、 May you succeed! 祝你成功!

Long may he live! 愿他长命百岁!(《英华大辞典》P780)

4、 Don’t you open the door. Don’t anyone open the door.(《当代英语语法》中册P85)

祈使句一般无主语,有时也有主语出现。祈使句的主语要重读,代词也要重读(陈述句的主语一般不重读)。祈使句常用句号。表示一种强烈感情时,句子用感叹号。

四、陈述句中出现的几种倒装句

1、 主谓倒装

(1)Long long ago, there was a war between the birds and the beasts.

(2)Once upon a time there were six blind men in India.

(3)“Come along, then.” said the bird.

(4) toward the end there came the terrible storm...

2、 表语倒装

(1)Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man of great achievements.(全倒装句)

(2)Inside the pyramids are the rooms for the bodies of kings and queens.

(3)A very reliable person he is.(主语是人称代词时,主谓不倒装)(《英语分类句型》P400)

3、 宾语倒装

(1)Many happy hours she had spent planning for something nice for him.

(2)Twenty-one dollars they took for it.

(3)Not a single mistake did he make.

(4)Only a dictionary he never forgets to bring here.

宾语在前时,多数属于强调部分,句子一般不加助动词,偶尔也有助动词出现,如例句(3)。

五、复合句中的倒装

(1)I take back what I said.

(2) the ship would have sunk with all board had it not been for the captain.(要是没有那位船长,就会连船带人都沉没了。)

(3)Were I you,I would go with him.

(4)Proud as these nobles are,he is afraid to see me.

(5)Not only was everything that he had taken away from him,but also his German citizenship.

(6)Hardly (Scarcely)had he sat down when the telephone rang.

(7)The harder you work, the greater will be your achievement.

六、其他倒装

陈述句中为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语、宾语、状语等成分,或使上下文紧密衔接时,使用倒装句。

(1)On the wall is a blackboard on which were written some words,“It is no use sitting here without listening to me.”(定语从句中,主语的同位语太长)

(2)They entered the classroom,in front of which sat a naughty boy.(使上下文紧密衔接)

(3)Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people were looked down upon by the foreigners.(主语加上定语后太长而表语短

完全倒装的基本形式是“谓语+主语”,主要涉及以下几种类型:

一、here类

当表示地点的here和 there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词。如:

Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。

There’s Jim. 吉姆在那儿。

Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。

There goes the bell. 铃响了。

There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。

这类倒装句的主语只能是名词,若主语为代词,则不能倒装。如:

Here it comes. 它来了。

二、away类

副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时,其后也用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。如:

Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。

Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。

The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了,史密斯先生进了来。

Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,伞都撑起来了。

这类倒装句的主语也只能是名词,若主语为代词,则不用倒装。如:

Away he went. 他跑远了。

Down it came. 它掉了下来。

三、状语或表语类

为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,有时可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装。如:

Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。

By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。

在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中,要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致,而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较:

In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。

In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。

四、非谓语动词类

有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装。如:

Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。

Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。

To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。

标签: 表语 倒装
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