系表结构的用法及口诀初中

1、我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它

单数名词用is，复数名词全用are.

am，is变was. be是原形老妈妈.

not靠后变否定 be跑句首去问它.

2、要想掌握be（am，is and are）的用法，先分清第一人称、第二人称和第三人称:

第一人称单数i(我) 复数we(我们)

第二人称you（你、你们）

其余都是第三人称:单数she（她） 、 he （他）、 it （它） 复数they（他们）

3、there be+宾语+过去分词:

过去分词表示被动关系，同时表示动作已经发生:

there is nothing written on it. 上面没写东西.

there were ten people killed in the accident. 事故中有10人丧生.

有时过去分词也可表示一种状态(可转换成被动结构):

there were some old men seated (=who were seated) in the back. 有些老人坐在后面.

there is a red car parked (=which is parked) outside the house. 房子外边停着一辆红色汽车.

4、there be+名词+现在分词:

现在分词表示主动关系，同时表示动作正在进行:

there is someone waiting for him. 有人在等他.

there was a man standing in front of me. 我前面站着一个男人.

there were some children swimming in the river. 有些小孩在河里游泳.

there were a group of young people working in the fields. 有一群青年在地里劳动.

有时现在分词可表示一种状态:

there’s a piano standing against the wall. 靠墙有一架钢琴.

there’re a lot of difficulties facing us. 我们面前有很多困难.

there is a door leading to the garden. 有一座门通往花园.

有个别现在分词用于该结构时可以表示将来(正如它们可用进行时表示将来一样):

there are ten people coming to dinner. 有10个人来吃晚饭.

5、there be+宾语+不定式:

不定式通常表示动作尚未发生

there was nobody to look after the child. 没有人照顾这孩子.

there was a large crowd to send him off. 有一大群人要来给他送行.

there was so much to lose that we couldn’t take any risks. 可能会有很大的损失，因此我们不能冒险.

当其中的宾语与其后的不定式为被动关系时，可用主动表被动，也可用被动式:

there is much work to do [to be done]. 有许多工作要做.

有时其中的不定式为系表结构:

there is nothing to be afraid of. 没什么可怕的.

what was there to be afraid of. 有什么可怕的?